Elections, governments, parliamentary arithmetic and the institutional reforms that shape the business environment.
A fair assessment measures against where a country started, not against an ideal. On that basis the record is neither the triumph nor the failure it…
Some Ukrainian reforms have held for a decade and some were unwound within a year. The difference is structural and it can be described.
International indices are the standard shorthand for how a country is governed. They are useful, they lag reality, and they measure some things badly.
The thirty-odd negotiating chapters are grouped into six clusters, opened and closed as blocks. Knowing which cluster contains what tells you where the difficulty sits.
Some Ukrainian institutions have survived every change of government since they were created. Identifying what they have in common is more useful than praising them.
National recovery plans allocate money. Community recovery plans decide what actually gets built, and most communities have to learn how to write one.
A very large number of people will return from service and need to work. Treating that as a welfare problem rather than a labour market one…
Emergency spending is exactly the spending most in need of audit and least convenient to audit. Ukraine has kept the mechanism running, which is not the…
Some wartime purchases genuinely cannot be published. Deciding which ones, and keeping the boundary narrow, is the whole of the problem.
Ukraine has repeatedly tried to assess the integrity of its own judges. The mechanism that finally produced results has a specific and instructive design.
Ukraine built a set of anti-corruption institutions over a decade. The interesting question is not whether they exist but whether they produce outcomes, and by now…
Candidate status came with a list. Whatever one thinks of external conditionality, the list produced more legislative movement in a year than the preceding several.
The primary sources this archive rests on. All of them official bodies or institutional data providers.
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