Energy & Infrastructure
What was built, what was left to decay, and what held
What was built, what was allowed to decay, and what the last four years demonstrated about which of the two mattered.
Energy & Infrastructure
Gas, electricity, transit, nuclear generation, ports and the transport corridors that connect Ukraine to its markets.
Energy & Infrastructure
Ukraine's energy system is being rebuilt small: what that means for suppliers
Large thermal units take years to replace. What has actually been built since 2023 is gas piston plant, cogeneration, batteries and rooftop solar — a different…
Energy & Infrastructure
Who pays for infrastructure
A road, a water plant and a port berth are financed in entirely different ways, and choosing the wrong instrument is how good projects fail.
Energy & Infrastructure
The ports at full working order
A port is working when a shipowner will send a vessel without a premium, an insurer will cover it and a buyer will sign for delivery…
Energy & Infrastructure
Construction plant capacity for a rebuild
Written from the trade: what machinery a national reconstruction actually consumes, where it comes from, and what it costs to keep running.
Energy & Infrastructure
Becoming part of the European energy market
Synchronising the physical grid was the visible step. Market coupling — trading electricity on the same terms as everyone else — is the longer and less…
Energy & Infrastructure
Airports and the aviation sector on hold
Ukrainian civil aviation stopped entirely in February 2022. What restarting it requires is more than reopening the airspace.
Energy & Infrastructure
Cement, aggregate and the materials for rebuilding
Reconstruction consumes materials at a scale that no supply chain currently serves. Where they will come from is a genuine investment question.
Energy & Infrastructure
The transformer supply chain
A large power transformer is a bespoke object with a lead time measured in years. That single fact shaped the whole energy response.
Energy & Infrastructure
Designing an energy system that cannot be switched off
Energy security is often discussed as a supply relationship. It is better understood as a set of design principles, and they can be stated plainly.
Energy & Infrastructure
Hydrogen: the honest version
Hydrogen attracts more memoranda than molecules. It is worth separating what is technically plausible from what has so far only been announced.
Energy & Infrastructure
Biomethane and agricultural residue
A country that grows an enormous amount of crop also produces an enormous amount of straw, husk and manure. Europe wants the gas that can be…
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