Foreign trade flows, free trade agreements, customs practice and the practical mechanics of entering the Ukrainian market.
Ukraine's Black Sea ports get the attention, but the small Danube terminals and the Adriatic and Baltic routes through neighbouring countries have repeatedly determined what could…
The most common expensive mistake a foreign supplier makes here is appointing the first enthusiastic distributor they meet on exclusive terms.
Odesa, Constanta, the Danube, the Polish rail gauge break and the Turkish ports. The region's freight economics are a study in substitution, and the last decade…
The trade agreement with the European Union is usually discussed as a political milestone. Read as an operating manual, it tells a company exactly what it…
The standard advice is to have good contracts. In a jurisdiction where contract enforcement is uncertain, a good contract is necessary and nowhere near sufficient, and…
Beyond the territorial question, the annexation removed port capacity, a shipbuilding cluster, offshore hydrocarbon licences and a maritime zone. This is an inventory of what moved…
The sequence matters more than any individual decision. People first, then cash, then contracts, then the strategic question — and the strategic question should never be…
German, Italian, Polish, Turkish and Nordic suppliers all sell to the same Ukrainian mid-sized manufacturer, and each wins on a different basis. Knowing which basis is…
A short border, a large transit volume, a gas reverse-flow arrangement that mattered enormously, and a Hungarian-speaking community in Transcarpathia that has kept the political relationship…
Two economies on opposite shores of the same sea, with genuinely complementary structures — one exports raw materials and grain, the other manufactured goods and construction…
Foreign direct investment in Ukraine concentrated in five sectors and arrived through three or four holding jurisdictions. The pattern tells you more about the operating environment…
The relationship is built on one under-discussed industrial fact: a cluster of automotive component plants in western Ukraine supplying German assembly lines, employing tens of thousands…
The primary sources this archive rests on. All of them official bodies or institutional data providers.
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