Language, memory, heritage under fire, and what a country decides to protect when it cannot protect everything.
By the end of 2025 an entire school generation had passed through disruption from beginning to end. Planning for them is now a demographic question, not…
Ukrainian musicians and filmmakers have spent four years touring, and the effect of that work is different in kind from anything a spokesperson can achieve.
A damaged fresco can wait. A country with no trained conservators cannot repair it whenever it chooses, and by 2025 the training question had become the…
By September 2025 a child starting the fifth grade had never had an uninterrupted school year. Assessing what that means, and what is being done about…
A museum that reopens is making a statement about the future tense. By 2025 many Ukrainian institutions had brought collections back out of storage and opened…
A rebuild needs welders, machine operators, electricians and site foremen. Those are trained in vocational schools, and vocational education was thin here long before 2022.
Several Ukrainian universities relocated entirely and continued operating. What that required, and what it means for the regions they left, is worth setting out.
By 2025 the heritage effort had a third component alongside protection and documentation: the slow legal work of getting objects returned.
Ukraine will need tens of thousands of electricians, welders and machine operators. Vocational education is where those come from, and it was the weakest part of…
By the end of 2024 the most consequential cultural work was not exhibition but documentation: recording damage, in a form that would stand up in a…
A literature that is not translated does not exist for most of the world. By 2024 translation had become one of the more effective forms of…
In regions where an air raid alert can last most of a school day, the answer was not a basement adapted as a shelter. It was…
The primary sources this archive rests on. All of them official bodies or institutional data providers.
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